This is where the Shore durometer (or Shore hardness) comes in–a testing method and definition dedicated to measuring the hardness (or softness) of soft, flexible, and elastic materials such as rubber, elastomers, and some polymers. While a low hardness generally indicates a soft material, the above hardness definition becomes increasingly impractical the softer the material is under test. Hard materials are naturally brittle, whereas toughness requires a material to feature certain ductility. Counterintuitively, hardness and toughness are mutually exclusive. In practice, hardness is synonymous to scratch resistance as well as resistance to indentation and elastic deformation. Hardness is defined as a material's resistance to permanent shape change when a compressive force is applied. Tensile strength of traditional and 3D printed materials, measured in MPa: Today, 3D printing has progressed to the extent where it is able to deliver the same, or even higher tensile strength than traditional injection-molded plastics, such as polypropylene and ABS. Materials of high tensile strength are typically found in structural, mechanical, or static components where a breakage is unacceptable, such as construction, automotive, aviation, as well as wires, ropes, bullet proof vests, and more. To clearly understand this behavior, tensile strength data is commonly supplemented with a stress/strain curve. Some materials break very sharply in a brittle failure, whereas more ductile ones, such as most plastics and metals, experience some deformation. In conjunction with a sufficient ductility, tensile strength also indicates a material’s toughness. It’s one of the first material properties engineers look for and is found at the very top of most material datasheets. One of the most fundamental material properties is tensile strength, a material’s resistance to breaking under tension. Important for applications where a shape change in response to temperature is unacceptable or desirable. Tendency of a material to expand (or shrink) in response to a change in temperature. For high temperature applications it helps determine the upper temperature limit for continuous use. Used for materials that have no definite melting point. Temperature at which the material becomes noticeably soft. Indicates if a material is suitable for high temperature applications. Temperature at which a sample deforms under a specified load. Mostly important during the processing of the raw material, high water absorption or humidity can lead to poor material properties in thermoplastics. Shows the resistance to abrasion.Īmount of water absorbed under specified conditions. Important for flexible materials, such as rubber or textiles. Resistance of a material to growth of cuts under tension. Important for elastic applications, tells you if a material will quickly spring back into its original shape. Permanent deformation remaining after material has been compressed. Helps you identify the right “softness” for rubber and elastomers for certain applications. Indicates toughness, helps you figure out if a part will survive when dropped on the ground or crashed into another object. Resistance of a material to bending under load.Ībility of a material to absorb shock and impact energy without breaking. Also a good indicator if a material is isotropic (homogeneous). Similar to tensile strength, but shows strength in bending mode. Resistance of a material to breaking when bent. Also indicates if a material will deform first, or break suddenly. Helps you compare flexible materials based on how much they can stretch. Resistance of a material to breaking when stretched. Good indicator for either the stiffness (high modulus) or the flexibility (low modulus) of a material. Resistance of a material to stretch under tension (stiffness). High tensile strength is important for structural, load bearing, mechanical, or statical parts. Resistance of a material to breaking under tension.įundamental property that shows the ultimate strength of a part.
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